Parents Teen Relationship

Parent-Teen Relationships Analysis Our review was about parent teen’s relationship and how close they are with one another. We review 100 understudies in our school which fifty of them were male and other fifty were female. We had 9 inquiries which were about who they living with and how open they are with their folks. My three review examiners are ‘are they are nearer to their mom or Father’, ‘who they are progressively agreeable to talk’, and ‘being increasingly open with guardians would have positive or negative consequences for their relationship. ’ Question #4 The outcome shows that adolescents are nearer to their moms as opposed to their dads. The diagram shows that 77 percents of understudies are nearer to their mom which 48 percent of them are Female and 29 percents of them are Male. A large portion of the young people are near their mom instead of their Father since she is the person who is there and will hear you out and knows your requirements, however father is grinding away more often than not. Mother invest a lot of energy with their kids become more acquainted with them better and become increasingly delicate to their need. Fathers and mother communicate contrastingly with their youngsters. Father will in general be all the more truly connected with and less enthusiastic with their youngsters than moms are. Young ladies are nearer to their mom since they are from same gander and wouldn’t feel good to discuss their physical issues with their dad. In this overview 21 percent were nearer to their dad since they believe that they see each other better and fell agreeable to discuss their issues. Question #5 The outcomes show that young people are most happy with conversing with their moms and companions than their dads. The diagram shows that 47 percent of understudies are most open to conversing with their mom which 29 percent of them are Female and 18 percent of them are Male. Be that as it may, 15 percent of them are most happy with conversing with their dad which 11 percent of them are male and 4 percent of them are Female. Other 38 percent are most open to conversing with their companions which 21 percent of them are Male and 17 percent of them are Female. Correspondence with their kids is by all accounts the extension to a decent and sound connection among mothers and their kids. The most significant piece of correspondence for mothers is tuning in. The majority of the understudies are agreeable converse with their mom since she is the person who is there when they have issue and consistently hear them out. She attempts to get them and give them great advices not rebuff them for what they had done. Likewise, mother will bolster their youngsters genuinely and young ladies are increasingly happy with conversing with their mom about their issues and enthusiastic stuff. A portion of the young men are agreeable to chat with their dad since they imagine that he will comprehend them better and knows their need as a man. Moreover, the vast majority of the understudies are increasingly open to conversing with their companions since they are at same age and may have or had same issues and issues as they have. Other explanation is that they feel that their folks wouldn’t get them and they probably won't have cozy relationship or frightened of looking at something they fouled up. Question #9 Most of the understudies feel that being increasingly open with their folks would effectsly affect their relationship. 78 percent of the understudies said yes and just 22 percent of them said no. ttp://parenthood. about. com/od/dadsandteens/a/teen_friends_2. htm Communication with their youngsters is by all accounts the scaffold to a decent and sound connection among mothers and their kids. The most significant piece of correspondence for mothers is tuning in. Commonly mothers are in too large of a rush to talk and less keen on tuning in. The best approach to learn is to tune in. Kids gain from mothers just as mothers gain from youngsters. It isn't in every case simple for a mother to tune in a busied life in any case listening is at times the most significant. Set aside the effort to stop and tune in to what your youngster needs to state it will be a valuable second that can be transformed into a valuable memory. Mothers should be steady with kids. Kids figure out how to confide along these lines. A mother says something it is essential to finish that announcement. Regardless of whether it be a limit for a youngster (where they can go, curfews) or an extraordinary time and day put in a safe spot for them. Consistency is an ordinary thing that will go on through the term of the kid. They trust limits that are set for them and anticipate the time they get with mother. As youngsters develop and have thoughts of their own, it is significant for mothers to continue imparting and tuning in to their kids. There are various needs in youngsters as they develop and change and it is significant for mothers to perceive their progressions and requirements with a receptive outlook and a ton of comprehension. Now and again strong but fair affection is a hard thing to for mothers yet a truly necessary thing in youngsters' lives. What's more, my mum since she's my enthusiastic help. She's a female like me, so we talk about anything. She's there to cry to.. It's compelling. Kids feel nearer to guardians who treat them like companions and hear them out more than the individuals who rule by dread. At the point when you treat your kid like a companion, he/she will trust everything in you and along these lines can be spared from doing a great deal of stuff that could be hurtful for them or push them into difficulty. Being a companion to your child causes them to feel nearer to you, and shield them from outside impacts that might be appealing however may push them into difficulty.

Purchasing Power ParityBig Mac Index Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buying Power ParityBig Mac Index - Essay Example The buying power equality or the PPP is additionally inexactly clarified as the Big Mac record, as presented by The Economist in the mid-1980s. In the outright meaning of PPP, the Big Mac, a buyer decent sold in essentially all aspects of the world, replaces the item container. Utilizing this course gives a progressively oversimplified meaning of the hypothesis. In this way, a Big Mac being sold in the United States must have a similar cost as Big Mac sold in Australia, for instance. Taking a gander at PPP with a financial way to deal with the conversion standard will show the conduct of swapping scale over the long haul, as far as the flexibly of and interest for cash. An expansion in the national loan fee brings about the devaluation of the national money. In like manner, a valuation for the nation's money will be come about by a diminishing in the national loan cost. Nonetheless, late information can't completely bolster the hypothesis of the buying power equality and the law of one cost. In reality, there are exchange boundaries, free rivalry, and contrasts in value levels in various nations, offering ascend to trouble in testing the PPP through government-distributed cost records. There are additionally sure items and administrations that have thus become non-tradable products in light of steep universal vehicle costs. The PPP can likewise be seen as a nation's genuine conversion scale, wherein a remote item bushel is valuated regarding a local product container. Having every single other factor equivalent, a nation's nearby money will experience a since quite a while ago run thankfulness vis- - vis remote monetary forms, a resulting situation when the world interest for this specific nation's yield increments. The more typical idea of buying power equality must be recognized from a related hypothesis known as relative buying power equality, wherein the connection between the relative expansion paces of two nations and the adjustment in the trade paces of their monetary forms becomes possibly the most important factor. A conversion scale that is controlled by buying power equality offers ascend to an adjustment of the buying intensity of various monetary standards in a specific home nation. In spite of the variances in the market trade rates, PPP trade rates are reflected over the long haul. Be that as it may, the distinction between the market trade rates and the PPP trade rates can be fairly noteworthy. See this model: The World Bank's World Development Indicators 2005 appraisals that one United States dollar is proportional to roughly 1.8 Chinese yuan by buying power equality in 2003. Be that as it may, in light of ostensible trade rates, one U.S. dollar is as of now equivalent to 7.9 yuan. This disparity has enormous ramifications; for example, GDP per capita in the People's Republic of China is about US$1,800, while on a PPP premise it is about US$7,204. This is every now and again abused to declare that China is the world's second biggest economy, however such a figuring would be invalid unde r the PPP hypothesis. At the other outrageous, Japan's ostensible GDP per capita is around US$37,600, yet its PPP figure is just US$30,615. The correct estimation of buying power equality is made troublesome in light of the fact that there is no uniform value level. Additionally, various individuals in various nations have differing ware bushels,

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 vgajic / E / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Behavioral Therapy Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning View All Back To Top In behavioral therapy, the goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted or maladaptive ones. Behavioral therapy is rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment. The techniques used in this type of treatment are based on the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. One important thing to note about the various behavioral therapies is that unlike some other types of therapy that are rooted in insight (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies), behavioral therapy is action-based. Behavioral therapists are focused on using the same learning strategies that led to the formation of unwanted behaviors. Because of this, behavioral therapy tends to be highly focused. The behavior itself is the problem and the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate the issue. Old learning led to the development of a problem and so the idea is that new learning can fix it. There are also three major areas that also draw on the strategies of behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy relies on behavioral techniques but adds a cognitive element, focusing on the problematic thoughts that lie behind behaviors.Applied behavior analysis utilizes operant conditioning to shape and modify problematic behaviors.Social learning theory centers on how people learn through observation. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can lead to learning and behavior change. A Brief Background Edward Thorndike was one of the first to refer to the idea of modifying behavior. Other early pioneers of behavior therapy included psychologists Joseph Wolpe and Hans Eysenck. Behaviorist B.F. Skinners work had a major influence on the development of behavior therapy and his work introduced many of the concepts and techniques that are still in use today. Later on, psychologists such as Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis began adding a cognitive element to behavioral strategies to form a treatment approach known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The Foundation of Behavioral Therapy In order to understand how behavioral therapy works, lets start by exploring the two basic principles that contribute to behavioral therapy: classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli. Previously neutral stimuli are paired with a stimulus that naturally and automatically evokes a response. After repeated pairings, an association is formed and the previously neutral stimulus will come to evoke the response on its own. Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement and punishment can be utilized to either increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior. Behaviors followed by desirable consequences are more likely to occur again in the future, while those followed by negative consequences become less likely to occur. Behavior Therapy Based on Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one way to alter behavior, and a number of techniques exist that can produce such change. Originally known as behavior modification, this type of therapy is often referred to today as applied behavior analysis. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to therapy include: Flooding This process involves exposing people to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly. It is often used to treat phobias, anxiety and other stress-related disorders. During the process, the individual is prevented from escaping or avoiding the situation. For example, flooding might be used to help a client who is suffering from an intense fear of dogs. At first, the client might be exposed to a small friendly dog for an extended period of time during which he or she cannot leave. After repeated exposures to the dog during which nothing bad happens, the fear response begins to fade. Systematic Desensitization This technique involves having a client make a list of fears and then teaching the individual to relax while concentrating on these fears. The use of this process began with psychologist John B. Watson and his famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat. Later, Mary Cover Jones replicated Watsons results and utilized counterconditioning techniques to desensitize and eliminate the fear response. Systematic desensitization is often used to treat phobias. The process follows three basic steps. First, the client is taught relaxation techniques.Next, the individual creates a ranked list of fear-invoking situations.Starting with the least fear-inducing item and working their way up to the most fear-inducing item, the client confronts these fears under the guidance of the therapist while maintaining a relaxed state. For example, an individual with a fear of the dark might start by looking at an image of a dark room before moving on to thinking about being in a dark room and then actually confronting his fear by sitting in a dark room. By pairing the old fear-producing stimulus with the newly learned relaxation behavior, the phobic response can be reduced or even eliminated. Aversion Therapy This process involves pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced. For example, someone suffering from alcoholism might utilize a drug known as disulfiram, which causes severe symptoms such as headaches, nausea, anxiety, and vomiting when combined with alcohol. Because the person becomes extremely ill when they drink, the drinking behavior may be eliminated. How Aversion Therapy Works to Fix Unwanted Behaviors Behavior Therapy Based on Operant Conditioning Many behavior techniques rely on the principles of operant conditioning, which means that they utilize reinforcement, punishment, shaping, modeling and related techniques to alter behavior. These methods have the benefit of being highly focused, which means that they can produce fast and effective results. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to behavioral therapy include: Token Economies This type of behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items. Parents and teachers often use token economies to reinforce good behavior. Kids earn tokens for engaging in preferred behaviors and may even lose tokens for displaying undesirable behaviors. These tokens can then be traded for things such as candy, toys, or extra time playing with a favorite toy. Contingency Management This approach utilizes a formal written contract between the client and the therapist that outlines the behavior change goals, reinforcements, and rewards that will be given and the penalties for failing to meet the demands of the agreement. These types of agreements arent just used by therapistsâ€"teachers and parents also often use them with students and children in the form of behavior contracts. Contingency contracts can be very effective in producing behavior changes since the rules are spelled out clearly in black-and-white, preventing both parties from backing down on their promises. Modeling This technique involves learning through observation and modeling the behavior of others. The process is based on Albert Banduras social learning theory, which emphasizes the social components of the learning process. Rather than relying simply on reinforcement or punishment, modeling allows individuals to learn new skills or acceptable behaviors by watching someone else perform those desired skills. In some cases, the therapist might model the desired behavior. In other instances, watching peers engage in sought-after behaviors can also be helpful. Extinction Another way to produce behavior change is to stop reinforcing a behavior in order to eliminate the response. Time-outs are a perfect example of the extinction process. During a time-out, a person is removed from a situation that provides reinforcement. For example, a child who starts yelling or striking other children would be removed from the play activity and required to sit quietly in a corner or another room where there are no opportunities for attention and reinforcement. By taking away the attention that the child found rewarding, the unwanted behavior is eventually extinguished. How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology A Word From Verywell When it comes to treating specific behavioral issues, behavioral therapy can sometimes be more effective than other approaches. Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are examples of problems that respond well to behavioral treatments. However, it is important to note that behavioral approaches are not always the best solution. For example, behavioral therapy is generally not the best approach when treating certain serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Behavioral therapy might be effective at helping clients manage or cope with certain aspects of these psychiatric conditions, but should be used in conjunction with other medical and therapeutic treatments recommended by a medical doctor, psychologist or psychiatrist. The Best Online Therapy Services

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 vgajic / E / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Behavioral Therapy Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning View All Back To Top In behavioral therapy, the goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted or maladaptive ones. Behavioral therapy is rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment. The techniques used in this type of treatment are based on the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. One important thing to note about the various behavioral therapies is that unlike some other types of therapy that are rooted in insight (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies), behavioral therapy is action-based. Behavioral therapists are focused on using the same learning strategies that led to the formation of unwanted behaviors. Because of this, behavioral therapy tends to be highly focused. The behavior itself is the problem and the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate the issue. Old learning led to the development of a problem and so the idea is that new learning can fix it. There are also three major areas that also draw on the strategies of behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy relies on behavioral techniques but adds a cognitive element, focusing on the problematic thoughts that lie behind behaviors.Applied behavior analysis utilizes operant conditioning to shape and modify problematic behaviors.Social learning theory centers on how people learn through observation. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can lead to learning and behavior change. A Brief Background Edward Thorndike was one of the first to refer to the idea of modifying behavior. Other early pioneers of behavior therapy included psychologists Joseph Wolpe and Hans Eysenck. Behaviorist B.F. Skinners work had a major influence on the development of behavior therapy and his work introduced many of the concepts and techniques that are still in use today. Later on, psychologists such as Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis began adding a cognitive element to behavioral strategies to form a treatment approach known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The Foundation of Behavioral Therapy In order to understand how behavioral therapy works, lets start by exploring the two basic principles that contribute to behavioral therapy: classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli. Previously neutral stimuli are paired with a stimulus that naturally and automatically evokes a response. After repeated pairings, an association is formed and the previously neutral stimulus will come to evoke the response on its own. Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement and punishment can be utilized to either increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior. Behaviors followed by desirable consequences are more likely to occur again in the future, while those followed by negative consequences become less likely to occur. Behavior Therapy Based on Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one way to alter behavior, and a number of techniques exist that can produce such change. Originally known as behavior modification, this type of therapy is often referred to today as applied behavior analysis. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to therapy include: Flooding This process involves exposing people to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly. It is often used to treat phobias, anxiety and other stress-related disorders. During the process, the individual is prevented from escaping or avoiding the situation. For example, flooding might be used to help a client who is suffering from an intense fear of dogs. At first, the client might be exposed to a small friendly dog for an extended period of time during which he or she cannot leave. After repeated exposures to the dog during which nothing bad happens, the fear response begins to fade. Systematic Desensitization This technique involves having a client make a list of fears and then teaching the individual to relax while concentrating on these fears. The use of this process began with psychologist John B. Watson and his famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat. Later, Mary Cover Jones replicated Watsons results and utilized counterconditioning techniques to desensitize and eliminate the fear response. Systematic desensitization is often used to treat phobias. The process follows three basic steps. First, the client is taught relaxation techniques.Next, the individual creates a ranked list of fear-invoking situations.Starting with the least fear-inducing item and working their way up to the most fear-inducing item, the client confronts these fears under the guidance of the therapist while maintaining a relaxed state. For example, an individual with a fear of the dark might start by looking at an image of a dark room before moving on to thinking about being in a dark room and then actually confronting his fear by sitting in a dark room. By pairing the old fear-producing stimulus with the newly learned relaxation behavior, the phobic response can be reduced or even eliminated. Aversion Therapy This process involves pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced. For example, someone suffering from alcoholism might utilize a drug known as disulfiram, which causes severe symptoms such as headaches, nausea, anxiety, and vomiting when combined with alcohol. Because the person becomes extremely ill when they drink, the drinking behavior may be eliminated. How Aversion Therapy Works to Fix Unwanted Behaviors Behavior Therapy Based on Operant Conditioning Many behavior techniques rely on the principles of operant conditioning, which means that they utilize reinforcement, punishment, shaping, modeling and related techniques to alter behavior. These methods have the benefit of being highly focused, which means that they can produce fast and effective results. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to behavioral therapy include: Token Economies This type of behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items. Parents and teachers often use token economies to reinforce good behavior. Kids earn tokens for engaging in preferred behaviors and may even lose tokens for displaying undesirable behaviors. These tokens can then be traded for things such as candy, toys, or extra time playing with a favorite toy. Contingency Management This approach utilizes a formal written contract between the client and the therapist that outlines the behavior change goals, reinforcements, and rewards that will be given and the penalties for failing to meet the demands of the agreement. These types of agreements arent just used by therapistsâ€"teachers and parents also often use them with students and children in the form of behavior contracts. Contingency contracts can be very effective in producing behavior changes since the rules are spelled out clearly in black-and-white, preventing both parties from backing down on their promises. Modeling This technique involves learning through observation and modeling the behavior of others. The process is based on Albert Banduras social learning theory, which emphasizes the social components of the learning process. Rather than relying simply on reinforcement or punishment, modeling allows individuals to learn new skills or acceptable behaviors by watching someone else perform those desired skills. In some cases, the therapist might model the desired behavior. In other instances, watching peers engage in sought-after behaviors can also be helpful. Extinction Another way to produce behavior change is to stop reinforcing a behavior in order to eliminate the response. Time-outs are a perfect example of the extinction process. During a time-out, a person is removed from a situation that provides reinforcement. For example, a child who starts yelling or striking other children would be removed from the play activity and required to sit quietly in a corner or another room where there are no opportunities for attention and reinforcement. By taking away the attention that the child found rewarding, the unwanted behavior is eventually extinguished. How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology A Word From Verywell When it comes to treating specific behavioral issues, behavioral therapy can sometimes be more effective than other approaches. Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are examples of problems that respond well to behavioral treatments. However, it is important to note that behavioral approaches are not always the best solution. For example, behavioral therapy is generally not the best approach when treating certain serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Behavioral therapy might be effective at helping clients manage or cope with certain aspects of these psychiatric conditions, but should be used in conjunction with other medical and therapeutic treatments recommended by a medical doctor, psychologist or psychiatrist. The Best Online Therapy Services

Amphibious Warfare During The Continental Navy - 1687 Words

Amphibious Warfare in the Early Continental Navy The prospect of amphibious invasion has historical been one of the most logistically difficult to coordinate military operations. This can be clearly seen in the case of the Penobscot Expedition of 1779, which is recognized as the worst defeat of the U.S. preceding the Attack on Pearl Harbor. However, not thirty years later, combined American land and naval elements launched a success overland assault and coordinated naval bombardment on the fortress of Derne, protecting the city of Tripoli, forcing its capitulation on 27 April 1805. The difference between these two attacks stems not from major advancements in technology or ease of the assault on Derne, but from the underlying organization and coordination of the assaults. Preparations for the Penobscot Expedition began in response to the establishment of Fort George at Majabigwaduce, a small Loyalist town in modern-day Maine, under British General Francis McLean, commander of His Maje sty’s forces at Majabigwaduce (Greenburg 98). Being that Maine was a part of Massachusetts at the time, it was left to this state to remove the British forces before they could establish a proper base to deter American shipping and privateer raiding. To this end, the Massachusetts Council tasked Brigadier-General Solomon Lovell, â€Å"consult with the Commander of the fleet that the Naval Force may cooperate with the troops under your command in Endeavoring to Captivate Kill or Destroy the wholeShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast of the Army and the Marines Essay example1004 Words   |  5 Pagesforces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and the Coast Guard. 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genocide Essay - 865 Words

Genocide is an extremely broad subject with various different definitions. Genocide could be one or more leaders trying to get rid of a large group of people by killings or attacks, or it can be against a smaller group of people in a less violent manner. Genocide has been a very extreme problem in society and various reports of genocidal events have been recorded in history, but how does one go about finding the precise and accurate definition of a â€Å"genocide†? Genocidal acts are placed into different categories and are defined in different degrees. The Commission on Human Rights has set up seven treaties that describe acts of genocide. Regardless of committees’ attempts to limit or abolish acts of genocide, genocide was a very important†¦show more content†¦Once they have the items deemed necessary, it is more likely for these acts to become more violent and more destructive, depending on the amount of items palpable. 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It is the commission’s duty to meet once a genocidal act occurred and was reported. Then the commission must develop different ways to mend the problem at task in a fair and just way. By doing so, the commission helps to fix this human right’s issue with the seven treaties. The Commission On Human Rights has set up seven treaties thatShow MoreRelatedGenocides And Genocides Of Genocides987 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Holocaust Genocide is a million African people being butchered by hand by their neighbors, with household tools and homemade weapons—machetes, hoes, and hammers. Genocides are commonly overlooked throughout many countries. Africa has had many genocides and wars occurring over the past century. The most known genocides are ones that occurred in Rwanda and Darfur. Researchers have found that most genocides show the same patterns and key elements. 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The second known genocide was carried out by the TurksRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 and involved members of the Hutu mass killing Tutsi and Tutsi sympathizers who were Hutu. The genocide resulted in the deaths of around 800,000 people, majority Tutsi. The separation of classes came from Belgian internationals creating the two ethnic classes and giving power to the Tutsi who were taller and had lighter skin, and generally appeared more European. In response to this, after the country gained independence from Belgium, Hutu extremists gatheredRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1654 Words   |  7 PagesRwandan Genocide A genocide is defined as the deliberate killing of a group of people, especially of a certain ethnicity. 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Analysis Of The Poem Achievement Of Desire By Richard...

No matter what circumstances you face with the hard work and with the high education you can improve your life standards and can achieve your dreams. Dreams can be achieve through education, and Education is the only way to stand strong against all the adversities you face. To prove my thesis statement I’m going to use â€Å"Importance of pursuing your dreams† by Spike Lee hammers UWIRE Text 10 Feb. 2012. Academic OneFile. Web. 29 Oct. 2015. Where the author stressed â€Å"the importance of staying in school and the fact that students must pursue their dreams no matter who stands in the way† which is true to achieve your dreams education is must and to get that you need to fight with every adversities you face no matter who stand against you. In an essay â€Å"Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez describes the difficulties of balancing school life and the life of a working class family. As a child Rodriguez was the exception to the stereotypical st udent coming from a working class family, who was barely able to speak English but he was always top of his class, and rather than spending time out with friends or with family he spent his time with books and notes. He has parents who are uneducated but they know the importance of education and they supported him in a place where he can ensure his future by getting a good education and stay away from the life they are going through. In another work of literature â€Å"An Angle of Vision by Castro, A women who had gone through a lot, in aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez1330 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Mary Morley Composition 110 September 6, 2014 In the essay, â€Å"Achievement of Desire†, author Richard Rodriguez, recalls the difficulties of balancing life as a thriving student and the life in a working class family. Growing up, Rodriguez was the exception to the stereotypical student coming from an immigrant/working class family. From an early age, he prospered in academics. He made school his top priority. Rodriguez spent time with his books rather than with family or friends. InitiallyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIII, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University Anne Berthelot, University of Texas at El Paso David Bess, Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii Bruce Bikle, California State University, Sacramento xxx Richard Blackburn, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill Weldon Blake, Bethune-Cookman College Carl Blencke, University of Central Florida Michael Bochenek, Elmhurst College Alicia Boisnier, State University of New York William H. Bommer, Cleveland StateRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesSimon Fraser University v Acknowledgments For the 1993 edition: The following friends and colleagues deserve thanks for their help and encouragement with this project: Clifford Anderson, Hellan Roth Dowden, Louise Dowden, Robert Foreman, Richard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic University; Stanley Baronett, Jr., University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Shirley

Law of Business Association Legal Nature

Question: Discuss about theLaw of Business Associationfor Legal Nature. Answer: In the present case it is shown that William is a bankrupt individual who is incapacitated from acting as a director of the company. However in the present case he is still acting as one. There is a letter between Harry, the managing director of the company and a third party wherein he mentions that William possesses the authority to enter into a contract. Harry privately mentions to William that he is only entitled to negotiate the contract and not enter into it. However William enters into the contract in capacity of an agent. Issue- From the instant case scenario certain issues arise which are of legal nature. The first issue is whether the present company is bound by the terms and conditions of the contract[1]. Another circumstance arises when the same position is to be determined if Harry only acted as a managing director. Rules- From the instant case scenario it can be discerned that the fact there is a managing director and insolvent director in the company suggests that the company is a joint stock company. The governing law which will be applicable in this case is the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Under this legislation, the company can enter into a contract and execute it in various ways. Under section 126 of this Act, the company can appoint an agent who provides own name to represent for and on behalf of the company[2]. Under section 127(1) of the Act, a company can make contracts by other ways. This includes when the contract is entered by two directors of the company. The contract can also be entered upon by one director and one secretary. In case of a sole proprietorship, the contract can be entered by the only director. Sub section 2 of the same section suggests that the most formal way of entering into a contract is affixing the common seal of the company and getting the contract verified by the above mentioned members[3]. In the present case scenario contract entered is without express authority. The contract becomes binding in this case as there is application of the law of agency. In the case of agency there are broadly two kinds of authority[4]. One is express authority where the company directly appoints a person to act as an agent. Here the person exercises all the rights and obligations of an agent. The other is implied authority where the authority generates from the situation of the case. In the present case William possesses ostensible authority. Here the company is making a representation that William possesses the authority of entering into the contract. On the basis of the representation, the third party relies on the company and judges their credibility. This has been seen in the case of Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd (1964) 2 QB 480. Ostensible authority is also created when the representation is made by the specific company . This is seen in the case of Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising and Addressing Co Ltd (1975) 133 CLR 72. However in the present case there is clarity that the person entering into the contract was insolvent. Directors have various duties. As per section 588 G of Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) the director is duty bound to ensure that insolvent trading does not take place[5]. Application- In the present case the managing director is liable for allowing insolvent trading. As per section 180 (2) of this Act, no protection is given to directors for breach of such statutory duties. The company is liable to be sued for breach of the duties[6]. The director can claim defences on the basis of the grounds provided under Section 588 H[7]. The same rules are applicable if Harry acted as de facto director as per the provisions of Section 9 of the Act. Conclusion- The Company is liable for encouraging insolvent trading. From the instant case it is clear that there are two directors of a company i.e. Maria and David. They are also the shareholders to the company. Herein Maria applies for a loan of $ 100,000 for official as well as for private purpose from a bank. The bank asks for a guarantee. Maria is aware that David will not approve of the loan. She mentions her name as the guarantee and signs the agreement in the name of David. Issue- The issue that arises here is that in case there is loan default, can the bank impose the guarantee against the company. Rules- From the instant case it is clear that Maria acted in a manner which is beyond her statutory duties. The circumstances clearly suggest that Maria had committed forgery. She had breached the general duties of a director. Forgery is a serious criminal action in Australia. The relevant legal provision for forgery is mentioned in section 144(1) of the Criminal Code 1995. The elements of forgery include making a third person believe that the relevant person is authorised to do the act[8]. In this way the wrong doer acts dishonestly to make a gain and cause loss to others. There are provisions under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) where directors are penalised heavily for committing acts of fraud and offences with respect to management of the company. These are mentioned in the sections 210B and 206B of the Act. Application- The bank can hold the company vicariously liable for the acts of Maria. However the company can disqualify Maria from her position and sue her. Her term of conviction can be 5 to 10 years of jail. She is liable to pay fines and penalties for her act. Conclusion- The bank can hold the company liable for the breach of guarantee as Maria was acting during her course of employment. Bibliography Corporations Act 2001 - SECT 126(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s126.html Corporations Act 2001 - SECT 127(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s127.html Corporations Act 2001 - SECT 180(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s180.html Corporations Act 2001 - SECT 588G(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s588g.html Corporations Act 2001 - SECT 588H(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s588h.html McQueen, Rob,A Social History Of Company Law(Routledge, 1st ed, 2016) Ong, Denis S. K,Trusts Law In Australia(Federation Press, 1st ed, 2007) Tomasic, Roman, Stephen Bottomley and Rob McQueen,Corporations Law In Australia(Federation Press, 1st ed, 2002)

Recruitment and Selection Strategies for Law Enforcement free essay sample

Focus paper Chicago, Illinois October 16, 2012 Table of Contents Chapter l. Abstract Implementation Abstract Page 4 Ill. .. . 15 VI. 17 Introduction Research 12 V. Conclusion References This paper will examine the issues of recruitment and selection that plague many police departments around the country. It seems that when the initial entry exams are offered to the public, the problem arises in the quantity and quality of the applicants that arrive to take them.The reader will have an understanding of the seasons that may be responsible. This paper will examine what some police departments, as well as businesses in the private sector, have done to correct the problem of recruitment and selection. After an exploration of various methods, provided will be educated suggestions in improving the recruitment and selection practices of law enforcement agencies. This paper will thoroughly discuss specific approaches and their objectives. Techniques to inspire management and subordinates with recommendations will also be discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment and Selection Strategies for Law Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Understandably, these suggestions will come at a cost, however, this paper will describe how these cost may e counter balanced. The reader will be provided with the methods used in evaluating the strategies effectiveness. With any well-ran business or organization, recruitment and selection is pivotal in maintaining its success. However, staffing is no easy task, and this also holds true when it comes to law enforcement agencies. It is not merely sufficient to hire an adequate amount of individuals; it is necessary to hire the right ones that are capable of handling such a demanding Job.Police departments face many obstacles while recruiting and selecting their officers that are going to man their streets. While some struggle with these hurdles, other departments have taken to replenishing with ease. The public sector does not stand alone with hiring issues as private businesses have faced similar challenges. Many strategies may be utilized in the ever-lasting endeavor of recruiting and selecting. Selling these approaches can go a long way in seeing them implemented in ones agency as well as taking into consideration cost factors.Also, one must be prepared to provide a system of evaluation for any presented proposition. Research Filling openings became more difficult as they seem to have currently increased. The U. S Department of Justice [JUDOS] (2009) suggests that vacancies in police departments have risen and give the following explanation for its findings: In recent years, several factors have created an unusually high number of vacancies in police departments, according to anecdotal evidence from the field. Police officers called to active duty with military reserve units and the National Guard left their posts to serve in Iraq and Afghanistan.Some veteran police officers, lured away by higher pay, separated from public service to pursue security work at big corporations or to take Alice trainer positions with contractors overseas. Officers from state and local agencies accepted positions with federal agencies that were ramping up to fight terrorism. Baby boomer officers who Joined the police force in the sass and sass began retiring in high numbers. The general view among police leaders is that recruitment has not kept pace with the changes. (p. ) Therefore, recruiters for several law enforcement agencies already find themselves in an up-hill battle. Not only do they have to deal with the increased amount of vacancies; more importantly, hey must meticulously fill these positions with the right individuals for the Job. Applicants should have an accurate understanding of what they are signing up for. When applying for occupations in the private sector, most people have an idea of what the Job entails. However, the actual details of what a profession in the law enforcement field encompasses may be deceiving. Many of the major cities police departments utilize on their Job hiring website an approach that either emphasizes or exclusively promotes the basic needs of money and benefits, and the appeal of the excitement of a police career Monsoons, 2006, Para. 2). However, compared to many jobs in the private sector, a career in law enforcement simply does not stack up very well against them in terms of salary. As for the excitement aspect, according to Johnson (2006), many who take on the profession of law enforcement officer become deceived by the lackluster nature of police work and discouraged by unwarranted civilian complaints.Not only do most recruiters fail to portray an accurate account of police work, they fail to hire a staff that reflects its community. Police leaders are ally committing an injustice to their departments by not focusing on diversity when it comes to recruiting. White and Cobra (2008) found that there has been supported research that lack of diversity in a departmen t is likely to cause negative community relations and an increase in police misconduct. However, these are not the only areas where not committing to the diversification of an agency can be detrimental.An essential recruitment tool may go neutralized as the underestimations of minority police officers in some departments creates a shortage of role models (JUDOS, 2009, p. 5). Not only should the pool of applicants be multiracial, but vast as well; because there are other organizations selecting from it. The private security industry seems to be growing in strength and numbers. As this takes place, private security firms also have an advantage in recruiting over law enforcement agencies because they usually hire officers as young as 18 years old.They are allowed to do so since these officers do not possess the authority to arrest or carry a firearm (JUDOS, 2009). Just as the private security industries, the armed forces select out of the same labor pool as police departments. The competition that law enforcement agencies receive from the military in recruiting efforts is fierce. Like private security firms, the military can hire officers as young as 18 years old. In the past, the population that was discharged from the military often pursued a career in law enforcement due to similarities in the nature of both professions.However, it is not certain how an all-volunteer military affects police recruitment (JUDOS, 2009). What is certain, the long and burdensome employment process that one must endure in getting hired is working against police recruitment. Usually, after the initial interview for most Jobs in the private sector, the applicant knows shortly after whether employment was obtained or not. This greatly differs from the hiring process for law enforcement agencies as they tend to be drawn out and contain many steps.According to JUDOS (2009), many departments lack the flexibility to expedite the testing process as applicants often have repeat visits to participate in the selection stages. A highly desirable applicant may be lost to another employer that is able to test and assess the candidate and make a firm Job offer in less time (JUDOS, 2009, p. 6). Many obstacles stand in the way of police departments who are determined to implement a successful recruitment and selection program. Therefore, strategies must be utilized with the utmost thoughtfulness.Engaging the exact community in which the department serves can go a long way in a successful recruiting effort. Logically, this will assist in making a department a reflection of its neighborhood. The JUDOS (2009) presented the following examples of two different police departments effectively engaging its community in obtaining members to select from: The city of Hartford, Connecticut, experimented with community management as a means to improve police recruitment of minority officers.Citizen focus groups helped police identify a primary barrier to recruitment, namely, the lengthy period between an applicants expression of initial interest and the offer of a job. In the mid-sass, Lexington, Kentucky, lost some community support in the wake of an officer-involved shooting, two lethal-force incidents, and a charge of biased traffic enforcement. The chief of police supported a move to overhaul the police recruitment, selection, and training program and enlisted the help of a citizen minority recruitment committee. (p. ) The two departments showed that there is an advantage in involving the comm unity in its recruitment and selection process. The need of community support in lowering the obstacles of diversification was displayed in both efforts. In terms of police recruiting, there is also a need to paint an accurate picture of what the Job actually offers. Not too many professions can truly offer the opportunity for one to directly make a difference in ones neighborhood. Law enforcement officers have the potential to create a positive impact on their respective communities.Johnson (2006) recognizes that law enforcement is an honorable profession and that the idea of making a difference should be front and center as a recruitment tool. There can be an exhilarating sense of self-fulfillment in helping others in the community. What a department is offering candidates is an opportunity to make a difference by doing good, easing pain and suffering, saving lives, bringing a calm presence to stressful situations, and helping and serving those in need Monsoons, 2006, Para. 7). An effective method in conveying such an opportunity to aspiring individuals is via the internet.With many people utilizing the internet in search of employment, it makes sense for police departments to have a presence on the web. According to Bins (2010), every law enforcement agency should be prevalent on the internet; an agencys website was described as the most effective strategy for recruitment. Departments can use their websites to market their agency to potential candidates. In turn, candidates may gather information concerning a departments mission, hiring standards, community presence, and possible career tracks.Posting departmental information along with applications on the internet makes it easier to circuit officers from other regions of the country (Bins, 2010, Para. 3). There are several other outlets recruiters can use to share information through. People have their own source of preference in receiving their news. Therefore, it is essential that police recruiters utilize every outlet available in their recruiting effort. JUDOS (2009) suggest involving the news media to increase awareness of recruitment issues and how they affect the department and community.Also suggested was the use of public-access television channels which provide an opportunity to sound off before a community about issues that require community action. Finally, using talk radio may be effective in conveying an agencys message to the entire community or drill down to a specific segment or niche of the population (JUDOS, 2009, p. 12). Furthermore, of those in the community, the youth might be the most important to reach out to. It is no surprise that many children aspire to be firefighters and police officers when they grow up. However, as they get older, some may still want to fight fires as many lose interest in policing.This phenomenon is especially prevalent in high-crime areas where police presence is high and interactions are not always positive. Many young people lose their faith in the police, and it will greatly benefit the police and the community to change that around. Changing the youths perspective of the police will assist in making the future generation understand the significance of the police and fortify a future wave of officers (JUDOS, 2009). Connecting with the youth and others in the community would be made easier if it was an entire group effort.A total- organizational approach to correcting an issue is likely to be very productive. According to Bins (2010), the culture of a department must consist of everyone avian a sense of responsibility when it comes to recruitment. This includes patrol men up to the top of the chain-of-command; since they all possess the opportunity to recruit new candidates. Each member should be aware of the departments recruitment and selection process and be given information on the agency benefits, starting salary, and any testing requirements (Bins, 2010, Para. 11).Once applicants are found, streamlining the recruitment and selection process may prove to be beneficial. It may be discouraging for applicants who are in a state of uncertainty for a long period of time regarding their offer of employment. JUDOS (2009) states that the most effective recruitment and selection processes are those that are completed quickly and allow a candidate to move swiftly from application to employment decision points (p. 9). Agencies that have adopted this philosophy have condensed their recruitment and selection process to a few days from first assessment to conditional offer of employment.The important selection standards should be greatly monitored to ensure applicants meet them. Departments must reconsider the relevance of disqualifying factors, such as credit scores, to assess their necessity in selecting officers (JUDOS, 2009). As different strategies of recruiting and selecting are proposed for the law enforcement agencies, the public sector has developed some of its own. Filling vacancies with quality people is also an objective shared with private businesses throughout the country.Therefore, individuals have devised plans to accomplish this goal with the aspiration of seeing businesses prosper. Male (2010) suggests using a method of self-selection in weeding out applicants who halfheartedly applied for open positions. This involves adding another step, such as an open group event, to the hiring process in between resume- submission and the initial interview. Self-selection will demonstrate which applicants are serious about the position by their mere presence at the event (Male, 2010). Furthermore, the group interaction reveals much more about potential candidates.While in a group, people often display distinct characteristics about themselves. As applicants interact amongst themselves in a group setting, it presents an excellent way to see their character, level of interest, working knowledge, and communication skills (Male, 2010, Para. 8). With this opportunity, recruiters would logically be at an advantage by being more prepared for the one-on-one interview. Searching for a persons attributes without focusing on industry experience is also beneficial. Certain features about people cannot be taught such as being hard-working and passionate.Therefore, recruiters should go out and interact with workers from unrelated industries and offer interviews to those who really stood out (Male, 2010, Para. 17). By doing so, recruiters can select those who meet the characteristic criteria wanted and teach them industry knowledge at a future time (Male, 2010). Current employees can also assist in finding potential candidates, and relieve some of the workload from cruisers. A monetary incentive usually works flawlessly in getting individuals to accomplish certain tasks.For this reason, Male (2010) suggests referrals as an excellent source for great applicants and offering rewards to employees for successful recommendations. A byproduct of an incentive program is referrers possibly mentoring their referrals throughout the hiring process (Male, 2010). Utilizing the various strategies that have been proposed, as a guide, one can develop a specific plan in improving recruitment and selection in a law enforcement agency. It is widely accepted, the notion of having a department being a reflection of its community. That is why it is vital to use patrolmen as part-time recruiters since they spend most of their time in the community. Departments must take time to educate their officers about basic information such as qualifying requirements, starting pay, and benefit packages. Providing squad cars with brochures containing the same information would allow officers to hand them out to citizens during down time. Also, placing a slogan like Join us on squad cars gives community members a welcoming feeling to apply. Another act of embracement would be to actively seek people via the internet.Presence on the internet has already been established as a priority in improving recruitment. In addition to the departments website, agencies must take advantage of the recent craze of social networking. Backbone and Twitter allow agencies to search specific demographics and create a two-way avenue for departments and curious individuals. Agencies can post announcements via these networks and accept and answer questions that people might have. This would establish an early relationship with the department and potential candidates.Constituting and maintaining relationships with young people can go a long way in recruiting as well. As mentioned before, embracing the next generation of police officers would increase the selection pool in the future with desirable people. It is imperative that agencies proactively seek out children within its community and get them on the right track in becoming future officers. Departments must send liaison officers into community elementary and high schools. When at these schools, they must target only the students that are succeeding academically and behaviorally.This will avoid distractions from students that are not yet ready to receive information about career paths and wouldnt present them with an opportunity to ridicule the students that are. Principals and teachers may offer field trips to police stations as an incentive to those students on the honor roll. Minimizing discouragement of the youth would strengthen their rapport with law enforcement. Eradicating the discouragement cause by the lengthy hiring process is also essential. It is no secret that many companies employ applicants much faster than most law enforcement agencies do.Therefore, in order to compete with the private sector, police departments must take a page out of their book. Hiring weekends must be announced using different outlets such as television, radio, and internet. Condensing the process to a few days would keep applicants interested in the position and disallow competitors from hiring them. The first day would begin with background checks which will quickly remove those from contention who do not meet the standard. This can be followed by a drug test and physical agility tests.For those who successfully pass these steps, the next day would include medical and psychological jesting. At this time, both the department and the applicant would have a good idea of whether or not employment is on the horizon. To spread the message of these hiring weekends, departments can utilize its own troops. Two different experts agreed; current employees make great recruiters. As previously stated, agencies must tap in to this resource and supply officers with the information necessary to equip them while in the community.In addition, they must also offer incentives to their officers for recommending an individual who eventually gets employed. One incentive may be a generous bonus that includes extra money. Another incentive may be a considerable amount of time-off hours in which the officer can use when needed. With these rewards available, most officers would make a valiant effort in finding applicants that they believe have the potential to be great officers. Implementing new strategies to better recruiting and selecting can establish the foundation of a successful department. However, their effectiveness might be hindered if department members do not buy into the strategies. Marketing innovative programs to members of the agency, from top to bottom, can really increase the chance of the programs being successful. All members must be made aware of the importance of bettering recruitment and selection. Improvement means better morale amongst colleagues, since hiring the right people who Joined for the right reasons, creates a sense of cohesiveness. Everyone would work together with the same mission. This message can be conveyed to officers via streaming videos played during roll call.The supervisor staff needs to understand that these strategies can rectify the relationship between the department and the community, making their Jobs easier. Although, one concern they might have is the monetary cost of implementing new programs. Putting management at ease concerning the financial aspect is extremely important. It is obvious that putting these recruitment strategies into motion will cost a considerable amount of money; especially for advertisement and manpower. However, agencies must realize that the cost would be eventually recuperated.The most prominent way is through a decrease in civil litigations from citizens. A more qualified and diverse department translates to a more established rapport with the community as well as reducing the likelihood of police misconduct. Also, agencies would not waste money in having to hire placement officers due to poor retention, because the new strategies would ensure the employment of officers who are more suitable for the Job. Displaying how the new strategies would be evaluated after implementation instills confidence in the probability of their successfulness.Evaluating how well recruitment and selection strategies have worked would take a few strategies in itself. A good barometer would be to observe the number of complaints on officers that were classified as sustained since the implementation of the new strategies. A decrease in the amount would indicate that the newly hired officers are more prepared in dealing with the community. In addition, an increase in the retention rate since the employment of the strategies illustrates their prosperity. Recruitment leaders may also want to conduct survey questionnaires of both officers and citizens.Questions concerning their opinion of the departments morale level since the beginning of the new recruitment strategies can provide an accurate portrayal by officers. Citizens may be asked to rate experiences with officers during noncommercial interactions such as traffic accidents and missing person reports. Surely, a good recruitment and selection strategy would withstand any of these evaluation methods. Conclusion Positive changes in a department would not be a product of remaining stagnant in the way an agency looks for and hires its officers.The initiative must be taken in developing strategies in spite of all the obstacles that hinder current recruitment and selection processes. Many plans have been cultivated by other law enforcement agencies as well as individuals from the private sector. Using these plans, one can develop a specific process geared towards improving ones respective department; hill taking into consideration marketing plans, cost measures, and evaluation procedures. Bins, J. (2010, December 16). Recruiting the 21st century police officer.

Why Women Should Vote

Why Women Should Vote Free Online Research Papers For many generations the man has been the only one who had an opinion. Men were the only ones who made decisions and women were basically material things. They did not have a say in any part of the community; they were used to produce children and take care of those children. A woman had many jobs to do, but no matter how much she would do, she would not collect recognition because she was looked at as lower than a man. In the early 1900s women had many different areas of work. One of their major areas of work was to watch over and take care of the children (Addams 1). They were to feed them and clean them and take care of them when they were sick. This may not sound to challenging to mothers these days but back then the living conditions were much worse. For women who lived in the countryside it was not as hard because it was not as crowded as in the cities. Many children in the cities would get sick because of how crowded it was, but children in the country would be sick less frequently (Addams 1). Women also had to make sure that there was food for the family, but mostly for the children. In the cities much of the food was rotten (Addams 1). Most of the fruits and vegetables were decaying and they would be the only choice for mothers to buy (Addams 1). Women could not buy the meat because it was very disease-ridden (Addams 1). During most of the day women had to clean the house and make sure that all of the chores were done (Addams 1). The women that lived in the country were able to control the hygiene of their house because they could throw the garbage out and get rid of all the waste. For the women in the cities the situation was a lot worse because they cannot control where the waste went (Addams 1). The conditions were considerably less sanitary than what they were in the country. In the country, women were able to sweep their porches to wipe off the dust. However, in the city, the streets were filled with dirt and grime, which was right outside of the door, and no matter how much you swept, it would make no difference (Addams 1). There was never a guarantee that the garbage would be picked up. This would create an even bigger mess and would fill the air with terrible smells. It was almost impossible for the mothers to keep their houses clean because disease filled the air and there was sickness all around (Addams 2). It was also hard for them to do easy household tasks such as doing the laundry. For example, a lot of the immigrant women were used to doing their laundry at a river with a group of other women. Now that they lived in a crowded city there was no river to wash in, only a bucket; and they did it alone (Addams 2). Small things like this were extremely hard to adjust to. Another very large occupation of the women belonged to the schools. They were the biggest contributors to the children’s education. They had different groups such as the mothers’ school clubs and the mothers’ congresses (Addams 6). If women had the right to vote at this time there would have been many more kindergartens, domestic science courses, and school playgrounds (Addams 6). It was very important for the women to teach their daughters how to cook, sew and take care of younger children at very young ages. If the daughters did not learn how to do these things than the mothers would have been heavily burdened; they would not have been able to run an acceptable household (Addams 6). This was different however, in other countries, such as Italy or France, where these were taught in the public schools so the mothers did not have to go through the hassle. Women had to basically take care of all things home, while the husbands were out at work. This prevented the men from knowing how bad the conditions were for the women. If the women were able to vote they would have been able to try and change some of the terrible things that went on in the cities. With the ability to vote, the women would have been able to improve the conditions, such as getting a cover for the food stands in the city so the fruit and vegetables did not get covered in dirt and dust over the course of the day (Addams 3). This is the only way that a problem like this could have been fixed because the men, who were the only ones who had a say, were unaware so they didn’t know to bring these things up. They also thought that there were bigger things that had to be taken care of. The women would also have been able to bring up how badly the buildings needed to be changed. The basements were wet, the stairs were not fireproof, there were no windows for air or light , and the bathrooms did not have sanitary plumbing which could cause sickness throughout the house (Addams 1). These conditions were almost too bad to be lived in and they needed to be changed. Giving the women the right to vote was not entirely for the women. In fact, the women were not the main benefactor; the children were. Numerous things that would have been improved due to women gaining the right to vote were directly involved with the children. The condition of the house would have been more suitable to live in, which would have helped to prevent the young children from coming down with different sicknesses (Addams 2). It would also have made the living easier on the younger children because they would have been able to be more childish, by playing with a bunch of other children, and the mothers wouldn’t have to worry about their safety. Much of the food, which would be healthier, was meant for the children so that directly helps their bodies (Addams 6). This made a better life for the children because they were healthier as well. The women benefited as well though because many women gained new positions in the government. They got their input recognized and t hey changed the way that things were run. There were new laws passed and women would have easier lives because of them. Addams is very particular about this topic because she takes offence by the thought of a women not being able to speak her mind (Addams 12). She believes that a women plays too much of a role in society too not have their voices heard. She also says that both types of points of view have to be together for there to be a possibility for progress (Addams 12). She strongly believes that the only way for there to be a sane society is if women have the right to vote. The woman is the person who makes the living environment â€Å"clean and fair† (Addams 12). Without women a society would be unable to function, and the fact that women did not have a say in the society that they lived in was appalling to Addams. She put her heart and her soul into the paper that she wrote and she felt very deeply on the subject. This was no joking matter to her; it was close to her heart. Addams gives many good reasons on why women should have the right to vote. One of the most convincing arguments that she gives is when she mentions the women’s’ role in education. Without the women the children would not be as useful as they were. The children would not have as wide of an education either (Addams 2). One of the arguments that I did not feel convincing was that if the women got the right to vote than they would be able to fix the way the buildings were set up. This was a monetary concern, not due to the fact that the men were not aware of it. I don’t think that the conditions were made better because of the women’s newfound right, but just because of the progress that the future brought (Addams 1). With women gaining the right to vote our nation made a huge step in the right direction. This step was a big part of what makes our nation so great today. We must all remember that the world used to be much worse and it is thanks to people such as Jane Addams who made life better for everyone. Without people like this our lives would never have changed for the better and who knows how different things would be. Research Papers on Why Women Should Vote19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on Children

The Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Cold War - Essay Example The thrust of his call for unity was the English speaking world and the Commonwealth. The US being the biggest power in the world, and English speaking, was a natural ally that he wanted to woo. He indirectly told his American audience that support for communism in many countries was a direct threat to US itself whose influence over the â€Å"free† world would diminish as a result. Churchill expressed his fear that the emerging polarization between communist and democratic blocs of the world may result in war. He asserted that the Russians, even if they didn’t like war themselves, desired â€Å"indefinite expansion of their power and ideals† and enjoyed â€Å"fruits of war† (Churchill). Indirectly mentioning sea, land and air capabilities of the military, he advised that it was through military strength that a sense of security would prevail. This strength could also provide the negotiation leverage to find a mutually agreeable formula with Russians under the umbrella of United Nations Organizations. Joseph Stalin, in an interview to Pravda some time later, responded to Churchill. At the outset, he termed the idea of a brewing war ludicrous and a product of the mind of someone â€Å"who lost one’s reason† (Stalin). Picking up cleverly on Churchill’s call for the English speaking world to unite, Stalin termed it as an attempt to create a racial divide, linguistic superiority and a holier-than-thou approach to achieve his goals of fomenting an imaginary war. He compared Churchill’s speech with Hitler’s policies who believed in the superiority of those who spoke the German language. Stalin recalled in detail the sacrifices Soviet Union had made during the world war and termed them higher than any other country involved in the war. In doing so, he tried to bring home the point that Russia was committed to peace in the world

Management of the recruitment, selection and induction of employees Essay

Management of the recruitment, selection and induction of employees - Essay Example IBM, having one of the most professional workforces in the world, employs approximately 329,000 employees and operates business in 170 countries around the globe (IBM, 2009). They employ staff worldwide across different disciplines ranging from technical IT areas to the non-technical disciplines of Sales, Finance, HR and Legal (Monster, 2008). Being a globally integrated company, they need to keep changing their business model radically and shift its value proposition. Thus, attracting and developing individuals is critical to IBM’s success (Schmidt, 2005). There are three main steps in the recruitment process – identification of the requirements, attracting the right candidates and the selection from the applicants. The right job description and the job specifications help to attract the right candidate and eliminate unwanted work involved in the selection process. IBM has the reputation of being the resilient to market forces and strong leadership. They strongly follow the online recruitment process and it is their key recruitment strategy. Online recruitment includes their own website www.ibm.com apart from key online recruitment websites such as monster.com (Monster, 2008). Online recruitment supplements and complements other forms of recruitment. Online recruitment enables reaching a wider audience, and being in the IT industry, this reflects its nature of business. Besides, online recruitment process is cost effective and it also allows continuous improvement of the process. Online recruitment and selection process has saved time spent by as much as 25 percent (Kumar, 2003). They accept applications online as well as through emails. In addition, they adhere to the traditional forms of recruitment such as sourcing through headhunters and recruitment fairs. Thus, they outsource recruitment as well as keep it in-house their website. For graduate trainees they have a different strategy. Their inclusive work environment makes every

The Industrial Training Experience Accounting Essay

The Industrial Training Experience Accounting Essay Lawrence Wong Co. was established in 1986 before the Malaysian economic recession in 1987. It has established itself as a recognized Management Consultancy Firm specializing in all kinds of management and consultancy services, including corporate secretarial, administrative, bookkeeping, auditing, taxation, business or financial planning and other management allied services. The company was founded by Mimi Gian Guek Poh and Lawrence Wong Fook Heng, both are Chartered Accountants from Australia. The business started as a sole proprietor on 6th August 1965 as an employment agency and was converted into a private limited company on 16th February 1986. As an associate member of the CPA Australia, the Malaysia Institute of Accountants, and The Institute of Secretaries and Administrators, Mimi Gian, my company supervisor, draws on more than 25 years of audit, management, secretarial, taxation, information system and corporate advisory experience in international and multinational corporations in Australia, Singapore, and Malaysia. Lawrence Wong Cos success today depends heavily on the confidence and trust their clientele have with them and also due to their dedicated workforce who has been continuously contributing their efforts to the overall success of the firms nearly 20 years of services. The company hopes to continue to expand its business by providing quality and reliable services in Malaysia as well as internationally. 1.2 Industrial Training Experience Industrial Training is one of the compulsory subjects in all Faculty of Business and Finance Programmes course structures. It is compulsory for every final year undergraduate to undergo industrial training for the duration of three months before completing their courses. With the combination of knowledge and work experience during the three months training, students are required to produce a written report. The objective of industrial training is to provide an opportunity for students to observe real life practices and develop their understanding of methods and applications of the accounting theoretical and conceptual framework in a real working environment. Additionally, the training program also provides an opportunity for the industry to identify potential employees from the industrial trainees. I joined Lawrence Wong Co on 1st October until 31st December 2012. During these three months of industrial training I was involved in bookkeeping, auditing, taxation and the companys secretarial function. This was a good opportunity for me to learn more about the business . Because of this, I can now apply my accounting knowledge to the real world, such as accounts entry, auditing and so on. At first my company supervisor discussed with our colleagues my tasks , after that only my colleagues assigned tasks to me. My company supervisor only gave me tasks after I had completed the work that was assigned by my colleagues. When I faced some problems that I have never encountered before, I discussed with my company supervisor and colleagues together to solve the problems. Luckily they treated me well and taught me with patience. Therefore, I increased my knowledge of accounting, auditing, and taxation from my company supervisor and colleagues. CHAPTER 2 SCOPE OF TRAINING 2.1 Statutory audit When I arrived on my first day, my first task was to do a statutory audit. Statutory audit is part of an in-house audit. Whilst I was doing this, I needed to get information from the company secretary file, such as annual return, minutes of meeting, and SSM forms. My colleagues told me that use of some of the SSM forms needed recording, such as Form 24, 44, 49, 32A, and so on. If one of these forms are used, the auditor report needs to disclose the information, as well as statutory audit. For example, form 49 which is the form of return for directors, managers and secretaries. If this form is used, it means that the company has appointed a new director or an existing director has resigned or is deceased. Therefore, this kind of information must be included in an audit report and statutory audit. 2.2 Accounting data entry During this internship, I did a lot of accounting data entry, such as receipt and payment entries. In order to have a better understanding of the basis of accounting, my company supervisor assigned me to a lot of the companys account entry, using UBS Accounting System and Microsoft Excel. This was a test for me, whether my double entry transactions were posted correctly. I posted the entries in accordance with bank statements, payment vouchers, cheque books, and receipt books. After I had done, I printed out the general ledger, bank reconciliation statement, income statement, and balance sheet to give to my colleagues and company supervisor to review. 2.3 Bank Reconciliation Bank reconciliation statements are the important documents that need to be prepared every month. Bank reconciliation is the process which prepares a statement accounting for the differences between the cash balances in a companys cash account and the cash balance according to its bank statement (Roshayani Arshad, 2007). During my training period, I prepared this by using UBS Accounting System and Microsoft Excel. Some clients prepared bank reconciliation statements by themselves. Therefore, I needed to check whether the bank reconciliation statements that were prepared by clients were the same as my results. 2.4 Auditing During these three months, I not only did a lot of accounting data entry, I was also involved in auditing work. Firstly, I prepared statutory audits because this was the easier part. Next, I started to do audits working on paper, such as accounting journal entries, income statements, balance sheets, variances, tax computations, and other working papers including information related to assets, liabilities, taxation, revenue, and expenses. In addition, I had learnt how to prepare every detail of the working paper. After that, I prepared an audit report, confirmation letter, letter of representation (which is a summary of all accounts), and an audit memorandum planning. Once I had done this, my colleagues reviewed my work and asked me to amend errors, before it was passed to my company supervisor to review. Lastly, I filled in the Form C R after my company supervisor reviewed and confirmed that all working papers were correct. 2.5 Others tasks My company supervisor had asked me to make some payments, such as telephone bills, water and electricity bills, EPF, SOCSO, clients income tax payments, as well as banking some cheques. Before my company supervisor issued the cheques, I needed to prepare the payment vouchers and attach them with the invoice, delivery order, and other related statements. I also had to call the suppliers to collect the cheques. After the payments were made, I filed all of the documents in the payment voucher file. Other than that, my company supervisor also assigned me to prepare client companys stock list and check list. Stock list is a detailed list of the stocks available of a company while check list is prepared for checking the stocks. In addition, I had filed some documents and letters received from Inland Revenue Borad (IRB) into the clients files. I also sent out documents to clients, such as tax refund from IRB, audit reports and others documents. Furthermore, I had updated the client company tax control list. For this task, I had to record the date received for the Form C R 2012, financial year end, the latest audit report that had already been submitted, and the date of CP 204 to IRB. After I completed this, I prepared a latest list of client company and IRBs schedule of payment code. CHAPTER 3 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS APPLIED AND GAINED 3.1 Knowledge and Skills Applied 3.1.1 UBS Accounting System These accounting entries, which are receipt and payment entries, I had been taught during my studies how to complete using the UBS Accounting System. So, I had no problem when I posted these accounting entries into UBS Accounting System because it is same as what I have done before. For example, for the pay for travelling expenses, the entry is debit in travelling expenses and credit in bank or cash account, so this is called a double entry. Before I passed my work to the company supervisor to review, I double checked the entries. 3.1.2 Financial Accounting Financial Accounting Framework I and II are the compulsory subjects for accounting students. These two subjects teach us how to prepare the financial statements such as income statements, balances sheets, cash flow statements, and statements of changes in equity. These subjects were very useful for me to apply to my work. By using the knowledge that I learnt, I had completed my tasks with minor errors. 3.1.3 Taxation Taxation is another important subject for accounting students. I took this subject in Year 2 Trimester 3. During my training, I had to prepare tax computation for companies and individuals. Mostly I prepared tax computation for companies, because when I was doing client companies audit, I needed to prepare it as well. This subject was very useful to me because I could apply the knowledge that I learnt to prepare the tax computation, making it easier for me to complete the tasks. 3.2 Knowledge and Skills Gained 3.2.1 Auditing During my studies I found that auditing was a totally theoretical subject that is different from accounting and taxation subjects because it is not included in any calculation matter. I had the opportunity to complete audits on client companies during the three months of training. I completed many tasks relating to audits, such as audit working papers, statutory audit, audit report, and many more. 3.2.2 Information Technology Lawrence Wong Co. accounting software includes Microsoft Excel and UBS Accounting System. With the UBS Accounting System, I learnt how to key in double entry transactions and look through the financial statements during my study. I also learnt how to prepare the bank reconciliation statements by using this system, and to do year end processing, which is to close the current accounting year and switch to a new accounting year (Sage UBS Range of Software, 1991). Before I performed year end processing, I needed to ensure that all transactions were up to the last period, back up all of the data files, update all stock values, print all reports, and check that there was only one retained earnings account. After I completed this, the system would generate an all balance brought forward account and accumulated profit would be transferred to the retained earnings account. All transactions from period 1 to 12 will be removed. Furthermore, Lawrence Wong Co. used Microsoft Excel to prepare audit works. This was an advantage for me when I was doing the audit working papers as I could key in the amount and generate the formula fast, then the software would automatically calculate the final amount for me. I had also learnt how to adjust the paper margin and make it neat before I printed the working papers. Other than that, I learnt how to use new software, which was the UBS Inventory and Billing System. This system is a real time system that updates the stock immediately after entry. It also performs as an invoicing system whereby you can print out the invoice, credit note, debit note, and many more (Sage UBS Range of Software, 1991). During my training, I had prepared a list of every client companys secretarial and filing fee in Excel form. My colleague taught me how to check the latest invoices inside the UBS Inventory and Billing System. Therefore, I could check the invoices easily and key in the information quickly. CHAPTER 4 WEAKNESSES AND STRENGTHS 4.1 Weaknesses During the three months of industrial training, I faced a lot of problems that I had never encountered before as they were problems that I could not learn from books. This made me feel weak because sometimes I did not know which methods should be applied to solve the problems. At the beginning, I had spent most of time finishing the audit works because what I had learnt in university was theory, but the training was more focused on practical tasks. These tasks were quite different from what I had studied in text books and from lecture notes, so I was a bit confused when I prepared the audit works. I also faced problems when I was doing account entries. Before I started to key in receipts and payments into UBS Accounting System, I spent a lot time trying to understand the companys business transactions and concepts, because different companies may have different versions of these. After I keyed in all the transactions, I printed the general ledger, income statement, and balance sheet to give to my company supervisor to review. Unfortunately, my works were rejected by her because I did not key in the transactions and descriptions properly. Moreover, some of the clients did not provide enough financial information, such as details of income received, so I did not know exactly what those incomes were. In addition, I had difficulty in using my English language because the company mostly has English speaking clients. Sometimes the clients did not understand what I said, so I had to use Chinese language or Malay language to communicate with them. 4.2 Strengths During this internship, I learnt a lot and practiced my knowledge and concepts relating to accounting, auditing, and taxation. I have come across many new things and gained knowledge from my company supervisor and colleagues. I was able to use other languages to communicate with clients, such as Hokkien, Cantonese, and Malay. The reason for this is that some of the clients cannot speak English, they only know to speak their own language. Therefore, I was able to use these languages to communicate or discuss some matters with clients. I felt lucky that my company supervisor gave me the opportunity to practice my knowledge in her company. She always motivated me and taught me many new skills as a trainee, and also helped me to acquire new knowledge. Furthermore, she was also a very patient person. When I did not understand how to do the tasks that she has assigned, she was very patient in explaining to me the steps. Another strength was that my colleagues were willing to help me whenever I encountered problems. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION Through this training program, I have gained so much new knowledge and experience , improved my communication and computer skills, as well as learning how to adapt to working life quickly in a new atmosphere. It also prepared me to be more responsible for my actions and tasks in the future working life. Furthermore, I have covered knowledge of auditing, accounting, and taxation during my time spent inside the company. For the auditing part, I learnt how to prepare the audit program, confirmation letter, auditing working papers, and others. I also learnt how to key in the account entries properly by using UBS Accounting System and Microsoft Excel. For the taxation part, I learnt about how to prepare tax computation. All of the learning made me feel interested and challenged although it was stressful at times . I can conclude that the industrial training was well organized. My company supervisor and colleagues were caring and willing to teach me all of the working steps and concepts. With their guidance, I was able to do my tasks properly and apply the accounting knowledge that I had learnt in university into real working life. In conclusion, I have been trained to be prepared in facing the real working environment in the future and gained some ideas about the work flow of a company. I am pleased that I did my industrial training in Lawrence Wong Co. and thank my company supervisor and all colleagues for caring and giving me a chance to learn all of the work involved. I hope I can use my experience and knowledge that I gained further in my education.