Parents Teen Relationship

Parent-Teen Relationships Analysis Our review was about parent teen’s relationship and how close they are with one another. We review 100 understudies in our school which fifty of them were male and other fifty were female. We had 9 inquiries which were about who they living with and how open they are with their folks. My three review examiners are ‘are they are nearer to their mom or Father’, ‘who they are progressively agreeable to talk’, and ‘being increasingly open with guardians would have positive or negative consequences for their relationship. ’ Question #4 The outcome shows that adolescents are nearer to their moms as opposed to their dads. The diagram shows that 77 percents of understudies are nearer to their mom which 48 percent of them are Female and 29 percents of them are Male. A large portion of the young people are near their mom instead of their Father since she is the person who is there and will hear you out and knows your requirements, however father is grinding away more often than not. Mother invest a lot of energy with their kids become more acquainted with them better and become increasingly delicate to their need. Fathers and mother communicate contrastingly with their youngsters. Father will in general be all the more truly connected with and less enthusiastic with their youngsters than moms are. Young ladies are nearer to their mom since they are from same gander and wouldn’t feel good to discuss their physical issues with their dad. In this overview 21 percent were nearer to their dad since they believe that they see each other better and fell agreeable to discuss their issues. Question #5 The outcomes show that young people are most happy with conversing with their moms and companions than their dads. The diagram shows that 47 percent of understudies are most open to conversing with their mom which 29 percent of them are Female and 18 percent of them are Male. Be that as it may, 15 percent of them are most happy with conversing with their dad which 11 percent of them are male and 4 percent of them are Female. Other 38 percent are most open to conversing with their companions which 21 percent of them are Male and 17 percent of them are Female. Correspondence with their kids is by all accounts the extension to a decent and sound connection among mothers and their kids. The most significant piece of correspondence for mothers is tuning in. The majority of the understudies are agreeable converse with their mom since she is the person who is there when they have issue and consistently hear them out. She attempts to get them and give them great advices not rebuff them for what they had done. Likewise, mother will bolster their youngsters genuinely and young ladies are increasingly happy with conversing with their mom about their issues and enthusiastic stuff. A portion of the young men are agreeable to chat with their dad since they imagine that he will comprehend them better and knows their need as a man. Moreover, the vast majority of the understudies are increasingly open to conversing with their companions since they are at same age and may have or had same issues and issues as they have. Other explanation is that they feel that their folks wouldn’t get them and they probably won't have cozy relationship or frightened of looking at something they fouled up. Question #9 Most of the understudies feel that being increasingly open with their folks would effectsly affect their relationship. 78 percent of the understudies said yes and just 22 percent of them said no. ttp://parenthood. about. com/od/dadsandteens/a/teen_friends_2. htm Communication with their youngsters is by all accounts the scaffold to a decent and sound connection among mothers and their kids. The most significant piece of correspondence for mothers is tuning in. Commonly mothers are in too large of a rush to talk and less keen on tuning in. The best approach to learn is to tune in. Kids gain from mothers just as mothers gain from youngsters. It isn't in every case simple for a mother to tune in a busied life in any case listening is at times the most significant. Set aside the effort to stop and tune in to what your youngster needs to state it will be a valuable second that can be transformed into a valuable memory. Mothers should be steady with kids. Kids figure out how to confide along these lines. A mother says something it is essential to finish that announcement. Regardless of whether it be a limit for a youngster (where they can go, curfews) or an extraordinary time and day put in a safe spot for them. Consistency is an ordinary thing that will go on through the term of the kid. They trust limits that are set for them and anticipate the time they get with mother. As youngsters develop and have thoughts of their own, it is significant for mothers to continue imparting and tuning in to their kids. There are various needs in youngsters as they develop and change and it is significant for mothers to perceive their progressions and requirements with a receptive outlook and a ton of comprehension. Now and again strong but fair affection is a hard thing to for mothers yet a truly necessary thing in youngsters' lives. What's more, my mum since she's my enthusiastic help. She's a female like me, so we talk about anything. She's there to cry to.. It's compelling. Kids feel nearer to guardians who treat them like companions and hear them out more than the individuals who rule by dread. At the point when you treat your kid like a companion, he/she will trust everything in you and along these lines can be spared from doing a great deal of stuff that could be hurtful for them or push them into difficulty. Being a companion to your child causes them to feel nearer to you, and shield them from outside impacts that might be appealing however may push them into difficulty.

Purchasing Power ParityBig Mac Index Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buying Power ParityBig Mac Index - Essay Example The buying power equality or the PPP is additionally inexactly clarified as the Big Mac record, as presented by The Economist in the mid-1980s. In the outright meaning of PPP, the Big Mac, a buyer decent sold in essentially all aspects of the world, replaces the item container. Utilizing this course gives a progressively oversimplified meaning of the hypothesis. In this way, a Big Mac being sold in the United States must have a similar cost as Big Mac sold in Australia, for instance. Taking a gander at PPP with a financial way to deal with the conversion standard will show the conduct of swapping scale over the long haul, as far as the flexibly of and interest for cash. An expansion in the national loan fee brings about the devaluation of the national money. In like manner, a valuation for the nation's money will be come about by a diminishing in the national loan cost. Nonetheless, late information can't completely bolster the hypothesis of the buying power equality and the law of one cost. In reality, there are exchange boundaries, free rivalry, and contrasts in value levels in various nations, offering ascend to trouble in testing the PPP through government-distributed cost records. There are additionally sure items and administrations that have thus become non-tradable products in light of steep universal vehicle costs. The PPP can likewise be seen as a nation's genuine conversion scale, wherein a remote item bushel is valuated regarding a local product container. Having every single other factor equivalent, a nation's nearby money will experience a since quite a while ago run thankfulness vis- - vis remote monetary forms, a resulting situation when the world interest for this specific nation's yield increments. The more typical idea of buying power equality must be recognized from a related hypothesis known as relative buying power equality, wherein the connection between the relative expansion paces of two nations and the adjustment in the trade paces of their monetary forms becomes possibly the most important factor. A conversion scale that is controlled by buying power equality offers ascend to an adjustment of the buying intensity of various monetary standards in a specific home nation. In spite of the variances in the market trade rates, PPP trade rates are reflected over the long haul. Be that as it may, the distinction between the market trade rates and the PPP trade rates can be fairly noteworthy. See this model: The World Bank's World Development Indicators 2005 appraisals that one United States dollar is proportional to roughly 1.8 Chinese yuan by buying power equality in 2003. Be that as it may, in light of ostensible trade rates, one U.S. dollar is as of now equivalent to 7.9 yuan. This disparity has enormous ramifications; for example, GDP per capita in the People's Republic of China is about US$1,800, while on a PPP premise it is about US$7,204. This is every now and again abused to declare that China is the world's second biggest economy, however such a figuring would be invalid unde r the PPP hypothesis. At the other outrageous, Japan's ostensible GDP per capita is around US$37,600, yet its PPP figure is just US$30,615. The correct estimation of buying power equality is made troublesome in light of the fact that there is no uniform value level. Additionally, various individuals in various nations have differing ware bushels,

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 vgajic / E / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Behavioral Therapy Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning View All Back To Top In behavioral therapy, the goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted or maladaptive ones. Behavioral therapy is rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment. The techniques used in this type of treatment are based on the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. One important thing to note about the various behavioral therapies is that unlike some other types of therapy that are rooted in insight (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies), behavioral therapy is action-based. Behavioral therapists are focused on using the same learning strategies that led to the formation of unwanted behaviors. Because of this, behavioral therapy tends to be highly focused. The behavior itself is the problem and the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate the issue. Old learning led to the development of a problem and so the idea is that new learning can fix it. There are also three major areas that also draw on the strategies of behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy relies on behavioral techniques but adds a cognitive element, focusing on the problematic thoughts that lie behind behaviors.Applied behavior analysis utilizes operant conditioning to shape and modify problematic behaviors.Social learning theory centers on how people learn through observation. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can lead to learning and behavior change. A Brief Background Edward Thorndike was one of the first to refer to the idea of modifying behavior. Other early pioneers of behavior therapy included psychologists Joseph Wolpe and Hans Eysenck. Behaviorist B.F. Skinners work had a major influence on the development of behavior therapy and his work introduced many of the concepts and techniques that are still in use today. Later on, psychologists such as Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis began adding a cognitive element to behavioral strategies to form a treatment approach known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The Foundation of Behavioral Therapy In order to understand how behavioral therapy works, lets start by exploring the two basic principles that contribute to behavioral therapy: classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli. Previously neutral stimuli are paired with a stimulus that naturally and automatically evokes a response. After repeated pairings, an association is formed and the previously neutral stimulus will come to evoke the response on its own. Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement and punishment can be utilized to either increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior. Behaviors followed by desirable consequences are more likely to occur again in the future, while those followed by negative consequences become less likely to occur. Behavior Therapy Based on Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one way to alter behavior, and a number of techniques exist that can produce such change. Originally known as behavior modification, this type of therapy is often referred to today as applied behavior analysis. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to therapy include: Flooding This process involves exposing people to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly. It is often used to treat phobias, anxiety and other stress-related disorders. During the process, the individual is prevented from escaping or avoiding the situation. For example, flooding might be used to help a client who is suffering from an intense fear of dogs. At first, the client might be exposed to a small friendly dog for an extended period of time during which he or she cannot leave. After repeated exposures to the dog during which nothing bad happens, the fear response begins to fade. Systematic Desensitization This technique involves having a client make a list of fears and then teaching the individual to relax while concentrating on these fears. The use of this process began with psychologist John B. Watson and his famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat. Later, Mary Cover Jones replicated Watsons results and utilized counterconditioning techniques to desensitize and eliminate the fear response. Systematic desensitization is often used to treat phobias. The process follows three basic steps. First, the client is taught relaxation techniques.Next, the individual creates a ranked list of fear-invoking situations.Starting with the least fear-inducing item and working their way up to the most fear-inducing item, the client confronts these fears under the guidance of the therapist while maintaining a relaxed state. For example, an individual with a fear of the dark might start by looking at an image of a dark room before moving on to thinking about being in a dark room and then actually confronting his fear by sitting in a dark room. By pairing the old fear-producing stimulus with the newly learned relaxation behavior, the phobic response can be reduced or even eliminated. Aversion Therapy This process involves pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced. For example, someone suffering from alcoholism might utilize a drug known as disulfiram, which causes severe symptoms such as headaches, nausea, anxiety, and vomiting when combined with alcohol. Because the person becomes extremely ill when they drink, the drinking behavior may be eliminated. How Aversion Therapy Works to Fix Unwanted Behaviors Behavior Therapy Based on Operant Conditioning Many behavior techniques rely on the principles of operant conditioning, which means that they utilize reinforcement, punishment, shaping, modeling and related techniques to alter behavior. These methods have the benefit of being highly focused, which means that they can produce fast and effective results. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to behavioral therapy include: Token Economies This type of behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items. Parents and teachers often use token economies to reinforce good behavior. Kids earn tokens for engaging in preferred behaviors and may even lose tokens for displaying undesirable behaviors. These tokens can then be traded for things such as candy, toys, or extra time playing with a favorite toy. Contingency Management This approach utilizes a formal written contract between the client and the therapist that outlines the behavior change goals, reinforcements, and rewards that will be given and the penalties for failing to meet the demands of the agreement. These types of agreements arent just used by therapistsâ€"teachers and parents also often use them with students and children in the form of behavior contracts. Contingency contracts can be very effective in producing behavior changes since the rules are spelled out clearly in black-and-white, preventing both parties from backing down on their promises. Modeling This technique involves learning through observation and modeling the behavior of others. The process is based on Albert Banduras social learning theory, which emphasizes the social components of the learning process. Rather than relying simply on reinforcement or punishment, modeling allows individuals to learn new skills or acceptable behaviors by watching someone else perform those desired skills. In some cases, the therapist might model the desired behavior. In other instances, watching peers engage in sought-after behaviors can also be helpful. Extinction Another way to produce behavior change is to stop reinforcing a behavior in order to eliminate the response. Time-outs are a perfect example of the extinction process. During a time-out, a person is removed from a situation that provides reinforcement. For example, a child who starts yelling or striking other children would be removed from the play activity and required to sit quietly in a corner or another room where there are no opportunities for attention and reinforcement. By taking away the attention that the child found rewarding, the unwanted behavior is eventually extinguished. How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology A Word From Verywell When it comes to treating specific behavioral issues, behavioral therapy can sometimes be more effective than other approaches. Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are examples of problems that respond well to behavioral treatments. However, it is important to note that behavioral approaches are not always the best solution. For example, behavioral therapy is generally not the best approach when treating certain serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Behavioral therapy might be effective at helping clients manage or cope with certain aspects of these psychiatric conditions, but should be used in conjunction with other medical and therapeutic treatments recommended by a medical doctor, psychologist or psychiatrist. The Best Online Therapy Services

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology

How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Behavioral Therapy Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 vgajic / E / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Behavioral Therapy Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning View All Back To Top In behavioral therapy, the goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted or maladaptive ones. Behavioral therapy is rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment. The techniques used in this type of treatment are based on the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. One important thing to note about the various behavioral therapies is that unlike some other types of therapy that are rooted in insight (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies), behavioral therapy is action-based. Behavioral therapists are focused on using the same learning strategies that led to the formation of unwanted behaviors. Because of this, behavioral therapy tends to be highly focused. The behavior itself is the problem and the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate the issue. Old learning led to the development of a problem and so the idea is that new learning can fix it. There are also three major areas that also draw on the strategies of behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy relies on behavioral techniques but adds a cognitive element, focusing on the problematic thoughts that lie behind behaviors.Applied behavior analysis utilizes operant conditioning to shape and modify problematic behaviors.Social learning theory centers on how people learn through observation. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can lead to learning and behavior change. A Brief Background Edward Thorndike was one of the first to refer to the idea of modifying behavior. Other early pioneers of behavior therapy included psychologists Joseph Wolpe and Hans Eysenck. Behaviorist B.F. Skinners work had a major influence on the development of behavior therapy and his work introduced many of the concepts and techniques that are still in use today. Later on, psychologists such as Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis began adding a cognitive element to behavioral strategies to form a treatment approach known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The Foundation of Behavioral Therapy In order to understand how behavioral therapy works, lets start by exploring the two basic principles that contribute to behavioral therapy: classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli. Previously neutral stimuli are paired with a stimulus that naturally and automatically evokes a response. After repeated pairings, an association is formed and the previously neutral stimulus will come to evoke the response on its own. Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement and punishment can be utilized to either increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior. Behaviors followed by desirable consequences are more likely to occur again in the future, while those followed by negative consequences become less likely to occur. Behavior Therapy Based on Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one way to alter behavior, and a number of techniques exist that can produce such change. Originally known as behavior modification, this type of therapy is often referred to today as applied behavior analysis. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to therapy include: Flooding This process involves exposing people to fear-invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly. It is often used to treat phobias, anxiety and other stress-related disorders. During the process, the individual is prevented from escaping or avoiding the situation. For example, flooding might be used to help a client who is suffering from an intense fear of dogs. At first, the client might be exposed to a small friendly dog for an extended period of time during which he or she cannot leave. After repeated exposures to the dog during which nothing bad happens, the fear response begins to fade. Systematic Desensitization This technique involves having a client make a list of fears and then teaching the individual to relax while concentrating on these fears. The use of this process began with psychologist John B. Watson and his famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat. Later, Mary Cover Jones replicated Watsons results and utilized counterconditioning techniques to desensitize and eliminate the fear response. Systematic desensitization is often used to treat phobias. The process follows three basic steps. First, the client is taught relaxation techniques.Next, the individual creates a ranked list of fear-invoking situations.Starting with the least fear-inducing item and working their way up to the most fear-inducing item, the client confronts these fears under the guidance of the therapist while maintaining a relaxed state. For example, an individual with a fear of the dark might start by looking at an image of a dark room before moving on to thinking about being in a dark room and then actually confronting his fear by sitting in a dark room. By pairing the old fear-producing stimulus with the newly learned relaxation behavior, the phobic response can be reduced or even eliminated. Aversion Therapy This process involves pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced. For example, someone suffering from alcoholism might utilize a drug known as disulfiram, which causes severe symptoms such as headaches, nausea, anxiety, and vomiting when combined with alcohol. Because the person becomes extremely ill when they drink, the drinking behavior may be eliminated. How Aversion Therapy Works to Fix Unwanted Behaviors Behavior Therapy Based on Operant Conditioning Many behavior techniques rely on the principles of operant conditioning, which means that they utilize reinforcement, punishment, shaping, modeling and related techniques to alter behavior. These methods have the benefit of being highly focused, which means that they can produce fast and effective results. Some of the techniques and strategies used in this approach to behavioral therapy include: Token Economies This type of behavioral strategy relies on reinforcement to modify behavior. Clients are allowed to earn tokens that can be exchanged for special privileges or desired items. Parents and teachers often use token economies to reinforce good behavior. Kids earn tokens for engaging in preferred behaviors and may even lose tokens for displaying undesirable behaviors. These tokens can then be traded for things such as candy, toys, or extra time playing with a favorite toy. Contingency Management This approach utilizes a formal written contract between the client and the therapist that outlines the behavior change goals, reinforcements, and rewards that will be given and the penalties for failing to meet the demands of the agreement. These types of agreements arent just used by therapistsâ€"teachers and parents also often use them with students and children in the form of behavior contracts. Contingency contracts can be very effective in producing behavior changes since the rules are spelled out clearly in black-and-white, preventing both parties from backing down on their promises. Modeling This technique involves learning through observation and modeling the behavior of others. The process is based on Albert Banduras social learning theory, which emphasizes the social components of the learning process. Rather than relying simply on reinforcement or punishment, modeling allows individuals to learn new skills or acceptable behaviors by watching someone else perform those desired skills. In some cases, the therapist might model the desired behavior. In other instances, watching peers engage in sought-after behaviors can also be helpful. Extinction Another way to produce behavior change is to stop reinforcing a behavior in order to eliminate the response. Time-outs are a perfect example of the extinction process. During a time-out, a person is removed from a situation that provides reinforcement. For example, a child who starts yelling or striking other children would be removed from the play activity and required to sit quietly in a corner or another room where there are no opportunities for attention and reinforcement. By taking away the attention that the child found rewarding, the unwanted behavior is eventually extinguished. How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology A Word From Verywell When it comes to treating specific behavioral issues, behavioral therapy can sometimes be more effective than other approaches. Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are examples of problems that respond well to behavioral treatments. However, it is important to note that behavioral approaches are not always the best solution. For example, behavioral therapy is generally not the best approach when treating certain serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Behavioral therapy might be effective at helping clients manage or cope with certain aspects of these psychiatric conditions, but should be used in conjunction with other medical and therapeutic treatments recommended by a medical doctor, psychologist or psychiatrist. The Best Online Therapy Services